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James Cameron (March 1, 1800 – July 21, 1861) was a Pennsylvanian who served as colonel of the 79th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Union Army during the early days of the American Civil War (Civil War). He was the brother of Simon Cameron, United States Senator and first United States Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln.〔Duyckinck, Evert A. ('National History Of The War For The Union, Civil, Military & Naval' ). Volume 1. New York: Johnson, Fry and Company, 1861–68. . p. 408.〕〔Davis, William C. ''Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-8071-0867-7. p. 253.〕 At the age of 61, James Cameron was killed in action at the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large battle of the war, on July 21, 1861.〔〔 == Early life == James Cameron was born on March 1, 1800 in Maytown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.〔Blanchard, Charles. ('The Progressive Men of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania' ), Volume II. Logansport, IN: A. W. Bowen & Co., 1900. . Retrieved July 22, 2012. p. 822.〕〔Hunt, Roger D. ''Colonels in Blue: Union Army Colonels of the Civil War: New York''. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8117-0253-9. p. 62.〕〔(Find a Grave web site for Colonel James Cameron' ) Retrieved August 1, 2012.〕〔Duyckinck, 1861, p. 408 erroneously gives Cameron's age at the date of his death in 1861 as 52.〕 His parents were Charles Cameron and Martha Pfoutz.〔 His older brother, Simon, was born a year earlier, on March 8, 1799.〔 When James was eight years old, the family moved to Northumberland County, Pennsylvania where his father died within the year at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.〔 His mother was left with eight children and without means of support.〔Shea, John Gilmary. ('The fallen brave: a biographical memorial of the American officers who have given their lives for the preservation of the union' ). New York: C.B. Richardson & Co., 1861. . Retrieved August 1, 2012. p. 74.〕 Simon and James thus had to make their way in the world at an early age.〔Shea, 1861, p. 74.〕 On his forty-seventh birthday, Cameron has been quoted as having said he had been a cow-boy, a plough-boy, a collier, a blacksmith, a tanner, a tailor, a printer, a brewer, a contractor, an alderman, a superintendent of railroads, a lawyer, a prosecuting attorney, and an aide to the governor.〔Shea, 1861, p. 73.〕 At age 19, James went to work in the same print shop with his brother Simon.〔 He became editor of the "Lycoming Gazette" in 1824 and of the "Political Sentinel" in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1827.〔〔Sauers, Richard A. "Cameron, James (1801–1861) Union colonel" In ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History'', edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X. p. 341.〕 He studied law in the office of future President James Buchanan before turning to government contracting.〔〔 Cameron married a widow, the former Rebecca (Lemon) Galbraith, in 1829.〔 He was superintendent of motive power on the Columbia Railroad in 1839.〔 In 1843, he became deputy attorney general of the Lancaster, Pennsylvania mayor's court.〔 In 1847, Cameron accompanied Pennsylvania troops to the Mexican-American War as a sutler.〔Shea, 1861, p. 75.〕 He later became a colonel in the Pennsylvania militia.〔 After the war, he practiced law, was superintendent of the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad and became a farmer on a large property.〔 By the time the Civil War began, Cameron was in retirement at an estate on the banks of the Susquehanna River according to some sources〔〔Burton, William L. ''Melting Pot Soldiers: The Union's Ethnic Regiments''. Republished New York: Fordham University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8232-1828-7. p.162.〕 while at least one reference states he was superintendent of the Northern Central Railway at Sunbury, Pennsylvania.〔〔Sauers could be interpreted as saying this occurred at an earlier date.〕〔Kelker, Luther Reily. ''History of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania''. Volume III. New York: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1907. . Retrieved July 31, 2012. p. 4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Cameron (Union colonel)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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